Educational Level:

Roadmap Objectives:

• • Article: Integrin α3β1 (CD 49c/29) is a Cellular Receptor for Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8) Entry into the Target Cells Cell, Vol. 108, 407-419, Feb 8, 2002
  • Content area/major concepts: This paper shows that the HHV-8 envelope glycoprotein B contains a motif that is known to interact with integrins. The interaction can be specifically blocked. When this interaction is blocked, the HHV-8 virus infectivity is also blocked. Therefore, the α3β1 integrin is implicated in HHV-8 entry into cells.
    
    Concepts introduced: virus life cycle, receptors, integrin family, kinases, glycoproteins
  • Methods or technology used to obtain data: cell culture, infectivity assays, immunostaining, flow cytometry, immunoprecipitation, western blots, immunofluorescence,
  • How the CREATE strategy was used:
  • Biggest teaching challenge: The introduction is particularly dense in acronyms, which might be difficult in a first paper. It also requires an understanding of protein structure that is above where my students usually are at the start of the semester, so it will require some background mini-lectures.
• • Article: Kaposi’s Sarcome-Associated Herpesvirus Induces the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-PKC-ζ-MEK-ERK Signaling Pathway in Target Cells Early during Infection: Implications for Infectivity Journal of Virology, Jan. 2003, p. 1524-1539
  • Content area/major concepts: This paper looks at the immediate intracellular signaling that takes place after infectivity of cells with HHV-8.
    
    Concepts introduced: Ras, MAPK, MEK, PKC, enzyme inhibitors, complex signaling pathways
  • Methods or technology used to obtain data: kinase assays, protein-complex assays, actin polymerization, western blot, cytotoxicity assays, surface immunofluorescence assays
  • How the CREATE strategy was used:
  • Biggest teaching challenge: There are 8 figures, each with multiple different subparts – so this is just lengthy. Also, there are many greek letters used in the names of various proteins, and I find that is challenging for students. This is a very dense paper overall.
• • Article: Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (Human Herpesvirus 8) Infection of Human Fibroblast Cells Occurs through Endocytosis Journal of Virology, July 2003, p. 7978-7990
  • Content area/major concepts: This paper specifically examines the method of entry of HHV-8 into target cells, and demonstrates that chemical agents that block endocytosis also block HHV-8 entry. Additional lines of evidence are used to show that clathrin-mediated endocytosis is the method of entry.
    
    Concepts introduced: Endocytosis, clathrin, lipid rafts, ATP-ase
  • Methods or technology used to obtain data: low cytometry, infectivity assays, electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, radiolabeled binding assay, RT-PCR, Southern blots
  • How the CREATE strategy was used:
  • Biggest teaching challenge: Much of the data is electron micrograph images, so there are less graphs and charts to analyze. Annotating will be key for this paper.
• • Article: Host Gene Induction and Trascriptional Reprogramming in Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8)-Infected Endothelial, Fibroblast, and B Cells: Insidghts into Modulation Events Early during Infection Cancer Research 64, 72-84, January 1, 2004
  • Content area/major concepts: This paper looks at the changes in gene expression in response to HHV-8 infection, showing how cellular defense mechanisms are affected.
    
    Concepts introduced: gene clusters, gene activations, apoptosis, signaling networks, stress-response genes
  • Methods or technology used to obtain data: oligonucleotide/gene arrays, RT-PCR, Western blot, data mining, Northern blot
  • How the CREATE strategy was used:
  • Biggest teaching challenge: I doubt we will have time to even get to this paper during our semester. This paper is much more focused on DNA, rather than on proteins like the previous paper. So it is a very different way to look at the same problem, but it means that a lot of new techniques and information need to be learned.

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